Metacognition is the capacity to monitor, evaluate, and regulate your own mental processes. It encompasses two layers: metacognitive knowledge (what you know about how you think) and metacognitive regulation (how you control your thinking in real-time).
Research by de Boer et al. (2018) found metacognitive training produces effect sizes of g = 0.50–0.63 on academic performance — larger than most traditional educational interventions. Hidayat et al. found an effect size of ES ≈ 1.11 in controlled studies, placing it among the highest-impact cognitive training protocols known.
In practice, strong metacognition lets you catch errors before they compound, allocate mental effort where it matters, and update your beliefs when evidence demands it — the three things MindFrame trains directly.